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- A memory guide to TeX [1/3]
- A database for ObiWan, a general reference system for the MacOS.
-
- This is a database for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting system. This
- is intended only as a memory guide. For a more complete explanation of
- TeX, see "The TeXbook" by Knuth. (ISBN 0-201-13448-9)|
- A memory guide to TeX [2/3]
- TeX is a typesetting language developed in the 70's by Donald E. Knuth.
- If you do any kind of scientific writing (and even if you don't) TeX
- creates a nice document for you. (I hardly use any word processor these
- days.)|
- A memory guide to TeX [3/3]
- The CTAN (Comprehensive TeX Archive Network) is mirrored everywhere. For
- beginners,
- <http://www.ora.com/homepages/CTAN-Web/>
-
- Since you're using ObiWan, I would bet you want Mac implementations. They
- are located in systems/mac/. CMacTeX, DirectTeX, OzTeX, Textures are some
- popular ones.
-
- Also, see
- <http://www.esm.psu.edu/mac-tex/>|
- A long time ago in a galaxy far far away… TeX [1/2]
- ObiWan is a general purpose popup help system. ObiWan ships with a
- database called the "Force" which describes the Macintosh operating
- system APIs. The ObiWan distribution also contains a number of other
- databases, such as a word list and help for the programming languages
- Perl, Java and HTML. [press cmd-. to view next page]|
- A long time ago in a galaxy far far away… TeX [2/2]
- You can also build your own databases using the Master Yoda application.
- Double click any of the following words for more help on that topic:
- Buttons, HotKeys, OtherDatabases,
- Copyright, MasterYoda, MissedClicks|
- Accents
-
- \' acute: á \v hácek
- \b bar-under \` grave: à
- \u breve \H long Hungarian accent
- \c cedilla: ç \= macron (bar)
- \^ circumflex (hat) \t tie-after accent
- \. dot (on top) \~ tilde: ã
- \d dot-under \" umlaut (or dieresis): ä
-
- See Ligatures, MathAccents.|
- AMS-TeX
-
- A popular macro package based on TeX developed and supported by
- American Mathematical Society.
-
- <http://www.ams.org/>|
- Arrows (MathCharacters)
-
- \leftarrow \leftharpoonup \Longleftrightarrow
- \Downarrow
- \Leftarrow \leftharpoondown \longmapsto
- \updownarrow
- \rightarrow \rightleftharpoons \hookrightarrow \Updownarrow
- \Rightarrow \longleftarrow \rightharpoonup \nearrow
- \leftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \rightharpoondow \searrow
- \Leftrightarrow \longrightarrow \uparrow \swarrow
- \mapsto \Longrightarrow \Uparrow
- \nwarrow
- \hookleftarrow \longleftrightarrow \downarrow|
- BinaryOperators (MathCharacters)
-
- \pm ± \circ \triangleleft \oplus
- \mp \bullet * \triangleright \ominus
- \setminus \div ÷ \wr
- \oslash
- \cdot \cap \bigcirc \odot
- \times \cup \bigtriangleup \dagger
- \ast * \uplus \bigtriangledown \ddagger
- \star \sqcap \vee \amalg
- \diamond ◊ \sqcup \wedge|
- BlackboardBold
-
- Plain TeX does not provide these. (N for the integers, R for the reals,
- etc.) Use AMS-TeX and/or other formats.|
- BreakableHorizontalSpaces
-
- \ normal interword space (Note the space after the backslash)
- \enskip
- \quad
- \qquad
- \hskip <arbitrary dimensions>
-
- See UnbreakableHorizontalSpaces.|
- Buttons at the top of the window are (from left to right):
- Find Key, Search, Web Search, Previous Entry, Next Entry, Back
- Type Word, Type Line, Type Procedure, Type Entry
- Toggle Startup Sound, Toggle Invocation Sound [only on some versions]
- About, Change Databases
- See HotKeys for a better description of these functions.|
- Capacity
-
- TeX sets up some parameters internally when it typesets your source. In
- some extreme cases your source is too complicated to typeset within the
- limits of these parameters. If this is the case, you need to increase
- parameter(s) and rebuild the format file. See the documentation of your
- TeX implementation for instructions.|
- Caret
-
- You thought ^ was caret. Not so, says the dictionary. A caret is a
- proofreading symbol used to indicate an insertion.
-
- So, what is ^? It is a Circumflex. Kunth suggests `hat' for short.|
- Category
-
- 0 escape character 8 subscript
- 1 beginning of group 9 ignored character
- 2 end of group 10 space
- 3 math shift 11 letter
- 4 alignment tab 12 other character
- 5 end of line 13 active character
- 6 parameter 14 comment character
- 7 superscript 15 invalid character|
- Centering
-
- \hfill Stuff\hfill
-
- \centerline{Stuff}|
- Cents
-
- TeX doesn't have a character defined for ¢. In The TeXbook, Knuth
- suggests "\hbox{\rm\rlap/c}".|
- Character
-
- Octal: "####|
- Circumflex
-
- The correct name for ^. As an accent, you can use \^ in text mode
- and \hat in MathMode.|
- Closings (MathCharacters)
-
- \rbrack right (square) bracket
- \rbrace right (curly) brace
- \rfloor right floor
- \rangle right angle bracket
- \rceil right ceiling|
- CMacTeX
-
- A shareware TeX for the Mac written by Tom Kiffe.
-
- <http://www.math.tamu.edu/~tkiffe/cmactex.html>|
- Comments
-
- Anything after "%" in the line (i.e., until and including the carriage
- return) is considered as comments and TeX will ignore it.|
- Copyright 1992-97 Peter N Lewis and Stairways Software
- (The software and portion of this database)
- 1997 ASARI Hirotsugu
- (This database)|
- Dashes
-
- - hyphen
- -- en-dash (used for number ranges)
- --- em-dash ("dash")
- $-$ minus sign|
- Definitions
-
- Ordinary: \def<newcommand>{\mathord<character>}
- Operator: \def<newcommand>{\mathop<character>}
- Binary operation: \def<newcommand>{\mathbin<character>}
- Relation: \def<newcommand>{\mathrel<character>}
- Opening: \def<newcommand>{\mathop<character>}
- Closing: \def<newcommand>{\mathclose<character>}
- Punctuation: \def<newcommand>{\mathpunct<character>}
-
- See MathClass.|
- Dimensions
-
- pt point dd
- didot point (1157 dd = 1238 pt)
- pc pica (1 pc = 12 pt) cc cicero (1
- cc = 12 dd)
- in inch (1 in = 72.27 pt) sp spaced point (65536
- sp = 1 pt)
- bp big point (72 bp = 1 in)
- cm centimeter (2.54 cm = 1 in) em length of a \quad
- in the current font
- mm millimeter (10 mm = 1 cm) ex length of x-height
- of the current font|
- DirectTeX
-
- A shareware TeX for the Mac written by Wilfried Ricken.
-
- <ftp://hadron.tp2.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/directtex/>|
- DisplayMathMode
-
- TeX mode used for building a mathematical formula to be placed on a line
- by itself, temporarily interrupting the current paragraph.
-
- Opens and closes with double DollarSigns ($$).|
- DollarSign ($)
-
- Opens and closes MathMode. One dollar sign enters MathMode (inline
- formulae), and
- a doble-dollar sign enters the DisplayMathMode (display formulae).|
- EscapeSequences
-
- $\backslash$ \
- $\{$ {
- $\}$ }
- \$ $
- \# #
- \& &
- \% %
- \~{} ~
- \^{} ^
- \_{} _
-
- See Accents.|
- Fonts
-
- \rm Roman
- \bf Boldface
- \it Italics
- \sl Slant
- \tt Teletype
- \cal Math scripts|
- Functions (MathMode)
-
- \arccos \det \limsup \tan
- \arcsin \dim \ln \tanh
- \arctan \exp \log
- \arg \gcd \max
- \cos \hom \min
- \cosh \inf \Pr
- \cot \ker \sec
- \coth \lg \sin
- \csc \lim \sinh
- \deg \liminf \sup|
- GreekLetters (MathCharacters) [1/2]
-
- You can produce upper case GreekLetters (which are sometimes identical
- to English) by starting the control sequence with an upper case. Some
- have variants.
-
- Note that there is no sequence for omicron, which is identical to 'o'.|
- GreekLetters (MathCharacters) [2/2]
-
- \alpha \iota
- \sigma \varsigma
- \beta \kappa \tau
- \gamma \lambda
- \upsilon
- \delta \mu
- \phi \varphi
- \epsilon \varepsilon \nu
- \chi
- \zeta \xi
- \psi
- \eta \pi \varpi
- \omega
- \theta \vartheta \rho \varrho|
- Help Me ObiWan Kenobi, You're My Only Hope!
- To get help about using ObiWan, close and reopen the window, then
- type "a" and hit return.|
- HotKeys For ObiWan [1/4]
- You can open the ObiWan window with the following hot key:
- command-` Pops up ObiWan. This also closes the window if it's
- already open.
- Typing any printable character will enter it into the current text.
- You can then perform other actions using other hot keys.
- The following hot keys are supported by ObiWan when its window is open:
- return Finds the keys for the current text.
- shift-return Searches the text of the database for the current
- text.|
- HotKeys For ObiWan [2/4]
- option-shift-return Web Search for the current text.
- option-return Selects a new database from the ObiWan Folder using
- the current text as the file name.
- If the current text is "C" then it selects
- the C procedure
- parser. If the current text is "Pascal" it returns to
- the default procedure parser. See below for
- more info on
- parsers.
- command-enter 'Types' the selection into the frontmost application.|
- HotKeys For ObiWan [3/4]
- You can achieve various other behaviours
- using more
- modifier keys:
- command-option-enter 'Types' the first line of
- the entry.
- command-option-shift-enter 'Types' the entire entry.
- command-shift-enter 'Types' the entry as a
- procedure call.
- The
- language of the call is determined
- by the
- current procedure parser.
- command-. Goes to the next entry.|
- HotKeys For ObiWan [4/4]
- command-, Goes to the previous entry.
- command-] Goes to the selected word's entry.
- command-[ Returns to the most recent entry.
- In additon, other functions are accessible using the mouse:
- click Selects the word.
- command-click Selects the word and 'types' it.
- double-click Selects the word and finds it.|
- InternalVerticalMode
-
- TeX mode used for building a vertical list for a vbox.|
- Knuth, Donald Ervin, 1938-
-
- Professor Emeritus of the Art of Computer Programming at the Stanford
- University and creator of the TeX typesetting system.
-
- His home page is <http://www-cs-staff.stanford.edu/~knuth/>.
-
- "K" in "Knuth" is not silent; you must read "ka-nooth."|
- LargeOperator (MathCharacters)
-
- See Operators (MathCharacters).|
- LaTeX
-
- A popular macro package based on TeX conceived by Leslie Lamport.|
- Ligatures
-
- \oe, \OE œ, Œ
- \ae, \AE æ, Æ
- \aa, \AA å, Å
- \o, \O ø, Ø
- \l, \L Polish suppressed-L
- \ss ß
-
- See Accents.|
- Logo
-
- The TeX logo (E lowered a little bit than T and X) is produced by a plain
- TeX macro "\TeX".|
- Macros
-
- \def<newcommand>{<definition>}
- \def<newcommand>#1#2{<definition>}|
- MasterYoda Database Processing Application
- You can use the Master Yoda application to build your own ObiWan databases.
- The application processes database files and prepares them for use with
- ObiWan. Database files are simple text files; you can get help on the file
- format from Master Yoda. Master Yoda also allows you to sort databases,
- merge sorted databases, generate statistics on a database and select what
- characters constitute a word within a given database.|
- MathAccents
-
- In MathMode, use the following to get accents:
-
- \acute á \grave à
- \breve \bar
- \hat \tilde ã
- \dot \ddot ä
- \check \vec
-
- See Accents.|
- MathCharacters
-
- Mathematical characters in TeX can be classified into the following:
- GreekLetters, Ordinary, Operators, BinaryOperators, Relations,
- Arrows, Openings, Closings, Punctuation, Miscellaneous.
-
- See Definitions, Functions, MathClass.|
- MathClass
-
- 0 ordinary 4 opening
- 1 large operator 5 closing
- 2 binary operation 6 punctuation
- 3 relation 7 variable family|
- MathMode
-
- TeX mode used for building a mathematical formula to be placed in a
- horizontal list.|
- Matrices [1/3]
-
- The usual matrix:
-
- $$\pmatrix{
- 1 &0 &0 &0\cr
- 0 &1 &0 &0\cr
- 0 &0 &1 &0\cr
- 0 &0 &0 &1\cr
- }$$|
- Matrices [2/3]
-
- Matrix with delimiters other than parentheses:
-
- $$\left{
- \matrix{
- 1 &0 &0 &0\cr
- 0 &1 &0 &0\cr
- 0 &0 &1 &0\cr
- 0 &0 &0 &1\cr
- }
- \right}$$|
- Matrices [3/3]
-
- Omitting a delimiter:
-
- $$f(x)=\left{
- \matrix{
- {\sin x\over x} &x\not= 0\cr
- 0 &x=0\cr
- }
- \right.$$|
- METAFONT
-
- A companion program to TeX that generates fonts. METAFONT is also developed
- by Donald E. Knuth.
-
- METAFONT is a trademark of Addison-Wesley Publishing, Inc.|
- Miscellaneous
-
- `` " \ddag
- '' " ?` ¿
- \S § !` ¡
- \P ¶ \copyright ©
- \dag † {\it $} £
- (PoundSterling)|
- MissedClicks
- Yes, I know that ObiWan sometimes doesn't respond to clicks. It's not my
- fault! The clicks are disappearing somewhere in the system software; they
- never make it through to ObiWan. You can fix this problem by installing
- Matt Slot's TSM Fix extension.|
- Modes
-
- There are six modes in TeX:
- Vertical, InternalVertical, Horizontal
- RestrictedHorizontal, Math, DisplayMath|
- NewCommand
-
- Control sequences in TeX must start with \.|
- Openings (MathCharacters)
-
- \lbrack left (square) bracket
- \lbrace left (curly) brace
- \lfloor left floor
- \langle left angle bracket
- \lceil left ceiling|
- Operators (MathCharacters)
-
- \sum ∑ \bigsqcup
- \prod ∏ \bigvee
- \coprod \bigwedge
- \int ∫ \bigodot
- \oint \bigotimes
- \bigcap \bigoplus
- \bigcup \biguplus|
- Ordinary (MathCharacters)
-
- \aleph \partial \angle \sharp
- \hbar \infty ∞ \triangle
- \clubsuit
- \imath \prime ' \backslash \diamondsuit
- \jmath \emptyset \forall \heartsuit
- \ell \nabla \exists
- \spadesuit
- \wp \surd \neg ¬
- \Re \top \flat
- \Im \bot \natural|
- OtherDatabases
- Other databases that ship with ObiWan include:
- Words A list of words from Rogets Thesaurus;
- great for checking your spelling quickly.
- Perl Reference material for the Perl programming languange.
- HTML Reference material for the HTML markup language.
- Java Reference material for the Java programming languange.
- Force Reference material for the Mac OS APIs.
- zzz A dull database used for testing.|
- OzTeX
-
- A shareware TeX implementation written by Andrew Trevorrow.
-
- <http://www.kagi.com/authors/akt/oztex.html>
- <ftp://ftp.uchicago.edu/pub/OzTeX/oztex/>|
- PoundSterling
-
- £ {\it $}|
- Punctuation (MathCharacters)
-
- \colon|
- Relations (MathCharacters)
-
- \leq ≤ \vdash \supseteq \simeq
- \perp
- \prec \smile \sqsupseteq \asymp \not
- \preceq \frown \ni \approx ≈
- \ll \geq ≥ \dashv \cong
- \subset \succ \mid \bowtie
- \subseteq \succeq \parallel \propto
- \sqsubseteq \gg \equiv \models
- \in \supset \sim \doteq|
- RestrictedHorizontalMode
-
- TeX mode used for building a horizontal list for a paragraph.|
- Spacing
-
- See BreakableHorizontalSpace and UnbreakableHorizontalSpace.|
- SpecialCharacters
-
- In TeX, the following characters are reserved for special purposes.
- If you need to use them, use EscapeSequence.
-
- \ { } & # % ^ _ ~|
- Stanford University
-
- Leland Stanford Junior University, located in Palo Alto, CA. Its
- women's basketball program is quite good.
-
- <http://www.stanford.edu/>
- <http://athletics.stanford.edu/varsity/women/bb/>|
- Symbols
-
- See MathCharacters.|
- Tables
-
- Tables in TeX are made using successive alignment commands.|
- Tabs
-
- \settabs 3\columns
- \+1st &2nd &3rd\cr
- \+1st &2nd &3rd\cr|
- TeX
-
- The popular typesetting system developed by Donald E. Knuth.
-
- "TeX" is actually a combination of GreekLetters tau, epsilon and chi.
- As such, the correct pronunciation is 'tech' as in 'technician'; if you
- are a good TeX user, you are a TeXnician, but not a TeXpert.
-
- TeX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.|
- TeXgX
-
- A TeX implementation for the Mac by Jonathan Kew. It takes advantage of
- QuickDraw GX.
-
- <http://www.sil.org/computing/texgx.html>|
- Textures
-
- A TeX implementation for the Mac by Blue Sky Research, Inc.
-
- <http://www.bluesky.com/>|
- TUG
-
- TeX User Group
-
- <http://www.tug.org/>|
- UnbreakableHorizontalSpaces
-
- ~ normal interword space
- \enspace
- \thinspace
- \negthinspace
- \kern <arbitrary dimensions>
-
- See BreakableHorizontalSpaces.|
- VerticalMode
-
- TeX mode used for building the main vertical list, from which the pages
- of output are derived.|
- VerticalSpaces
-
- \smallskip
- \medskip
- \bigskip|
- _Thanks
-
- This database would not make much sense if there were not for ObiWan and TeX.
- Peter N. Lewis and Donald E. Knuth, they are the best!
-
- And if you use shareware implementation of TeX on the Mac (OzTeX, CMacTeX,
- or DirectTeX to name a few), don't forget to pay the shareware fee.|
- _To Do List
-
- * This database should contain at least some information on LaTeX.|
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-
-